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The mountains behind the names
Lhotse is the fourth-highest mountain in the world and is joined to Everest by the South Col. The name, Tibetan for "South Peak", was given in 1921 by the British Everest reconnaissance expedition. On the survey maps of the time, the summit was marked only as E1.
Trivor stands in the Hispar Muztagh, part of the Karakoram. The British climber Wilfrid Noyce found it on the map of a 1939 survey party, but when he applied to climb it, the survey office replied that no mountain of that name or height was on its maps. Noyce and Jack Sadler made the first ascent in 1960.
Jengish Chokusu is the highest mountain of the Tian Shan and the highest point of Kyrgyzstan. Its Kyrgyz name and its Russian name, Pik Pobedy, both mean "Victory Peak"; on the Chinese side it is called Tomur, from the Uyghur word for "iron". Until a 1943 survey, nearby Khan Tengri was taken for the range's highest peak.
Measured from sea level, Nevado Ojos del Salado is the highest volcano on Earth, and the Chile–Argentina border runs across its summit. "Nevado" is Spanish for a snow-covered mountain, yet beside the Atacama Desert the dry air leaves it with little ice and no permanent snow cover. "Ojos del Salado" is usually explained as "source of the salty river".
Doda Peak stands in Zanskar, at the head of the Drang-Drung Glacier, one of the longest glaciers in Ladakh. The glacier is the source of a river that shares the mountain's name, the Doda; it waters the fields of the Zanskar Valley, where barley, wheat, buckwheat and peas are grown. The mountain's two summits were first climbed in 1976 by a Japanese university expedition.
Nevado del Huila is the highest volcano in Colombia. Rather than a single cone, it is a long north–south chain of volcanic peaks under a shared glacier ice cap. Its main summit, Pico Central, is the highest point of the Cordillera Central, the middle of Colombia's three Andean ranges.
Nevado del Tolima is a steep, symmetrical volcanic cone under a glacier cap, one of the three glacier-capped volcanoes of Colombia's Los Nevados National Natural Park. Its older Indigenous name is Dulima, and local tradition calls it the "river of snow". The department of Tolima is also said to take its name from the mountain.
Mount Vinson, the highest mountain in Antarctica, was first seen from the air in 1958. In 1961 the massif it belongs to was named after Carl Vinson, a US congressman who supported funding for Antarctic research. A three-person team measured its height in 2004, waiting about seven hours on the summit while a GPS receiver collected data.
Mont Blanc is French for "white mountain"; early maps called it Montagne Maudite, "the cursed mountain". Its summit is a dome of snow and ice about 20–25 m thick over the rock, so its height changes from survey to survey. The figure shown comes from the official French survey of September 2026.
Mount Victoria, named after Queen Victoria, is the highest point of the Owen Stanley Range in Papua New Guinea. Although it lies only about 9 degrees south of the equator, its top is open alpine grassland above the forest. In clear weather, the sea on both sides of the island of New Guinea can be seen from the summit.
Irazú is the highest volcano in Costa Rica. Its name probably comes from the Indigenous word Iztarú, which the national park translates as "hill of tremor and thunder". On rare clear days both the Pacific Ocean and the Caribbean Sea can be seen from the summit; on most days the top stays in cloud.
Mount Ontake is Japan's second-highest volcano, after Mount Fuji. For centuries it was reserved for the practice of Shugendo, a Japanese faith centered on mountain worship, and could be climbed only after a long purification. In the late 18th century the ascetics Kakumei and Fukan opened routes for ordinary people; today more than 20,000 stone monuments stand along its trails and across the mountain.
Known in Arabic as Jabal Musa, "the Mountain of Moses", the mountain is identified by Jewish, Christian and Muslim tradition with the biblical Mount Sinai. Saint Catherine's Monastery, built in the 6th century at its northern foot, is one of the oldest working monasteries in the world. On the summit, a chapel and a mosque stand side by side.
Mount Tahan is the highest point of Peninsular Malaysia and stands in Taman Negara National Park. A local legend tells of two giant apes guarding two wells that could turn anything into gold and silver, so the mountain was held to be a forbidden place. The first recorded ascent was made in 1905, by a museum collecting expedition.
In Icelandic, "hekla" means a short hooded cloak, a name linked to the cloud that often sits on its summit. The mountain is not a cone but a long ridge, said to look like an overturned boat. Hekla's ash layers are found far beyond Iceland, in peat bogs and lake beds from Scandinavia to Ireland, where they are used to date the deposits around them.
